At present, the proven natural diamond reserves are about 2.5 billion carats, including 650 million carats in Australia and 550 million carats in Zaire. According to the current mining level, the existing diamond reserves can only be mined for 25 years. However, with the improvement of the level of ore-finding technology, new mines are discovered every year. In recent years, Canadian diamond reserves have increased significantly. Embroidery was an important art in the Medieval Islamic world. The 17th-century Turkish traveler Evliya Çelebi called it the "craft of the two hands". Because embroidery was a sign of high social status in Muslim societies, it became widely popular. In cities such as Damascus, Cairo and Istanbul, embroidery was visible on handkerchiefs, uniforms, flags, calligraphy, shoes, robes, tunics, horse trappings, slippers, sheaths, pouches, covers, and even on leather belts. Craftsmen embroidered items with gold and silver thread. Embroidery cottage industries, some employing over 800 people, grew to supply these items.
In the 16th century, in the reign of the Mughal Emperor Akbar, his chronicler Abu al-Fazl ibn Mubarak wrote in the famous Ain-i-Akbari: "His majesty (Akbar) pays much attention to various stuffs; hence Irani, Ottoman, and Mongolian articles of wear are in much abundance especially textiles embroidered in the patterns of Nakshi, Saadi, Chikhan, Ari, Zardozi, Wastli, Gota and Kohra. The imperial workshops in the towns of Lahore, Agra, Fatehpur and Ahmedabad turn out many masterpieces of workmanship in fabrics, and the figures and patterns, knots and variety of fashions which now prevail astonish even the most experienced travelers. Taste for fine material has since become general, and the drapery of embroidered fabrics used at feasts surpasses every description."
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Since the mining of diamonds, a total of about 350 tons of diamonds have been produced, which is 1.75 billion carats. Now the world is mining 90 million to 100 million carats per year, of which gemstones account for 17%-20%. 20% gem-quality diamonds are worth five times the value of 80% industrial grade diamonds.
1. Countries that produce diamonds
Diamonds are produced all over the world, and more than 30 countries have diamond resources with an annual output of about 100 million carats. The top five countries in production are Australia, Zaire, Botswana, Russia, and South Africa. Diamond production in these five countries accounts for around 90% of the world's diamond production. Other diamond-producing countries include Congo (DRC), Brazil, Guyana, Venezuela, Angola, Central Africa, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Namibia, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Indonesia, India, China, Canada, etc. .
China's proven reserves and production of diamonds ranks around 10th in the world, with an annual output of 200,000 carats. Diamonds are mainly located in Liaoning Wafangdian, Shandong Mengyin and Hunan Minjiang River Basin. Among them, Liaoning Wafangdian is currently the largest diamond in Asia. mine.
For diamonds and gem-quality diamonds, the best diamonds come from diamonds mined in the Namibian alluvial deposits. The natural weathering experienced by these diamonds is carried to the beach for up to 1,000 miles. After this journey, the fragile parts of the diamond are separated. In a specific sedimentary environment, diamonds are regularly distributed in the rock layers according to different grain sizes. The mine's gem-quality diamonds are up to 97%. It is difficult to distinguish which country and mining area from the cut diamond ring.
The diamonds produced in any mining area are good, medium and poor. Taking the best diamonds in the mines and the worst diamonds in Namibia, the diamonds in the alluvial deposits in Namibia are not necessarily good.
2. Changes in the origin of diamonds
India is the first country in the world to discover diamonds. 3,000 years ago, India was the only place where diamonds were produced. From 2500 to the early 18th century, the Krishna River, the Penna River and its tributaries were the only places in the world where diamonds were produced. Many famous diamonds in history such as kohi-noor and orloff Both the big mogul and the great mogul are from India, but India currently produces very little diamonds.
By the discovery and exploitation of Brazilian diamonds in 1725, Brazil replaced India and became the most important producer of diamonds in the world at that time.
After 1867, South Africa discovered an alluvial sand deposit and a large number of native kimberlite cylinders, making South Africa the world's most important diamond producer, and its production has been in the forefront of the world for a long time, thus creating a new era of the diamond industry. In 1905, the world's largest kimberlite rock, the Premiir rock, was discovered in Azasia, South Africa, where the largest diamond (Cullinan diamond) was discovered. Currently, South Africa has the world's largest and most modern Vinettia diamond mine. South Africa has large diamond particles and excellent quality. 50% of the diamonds are cleavable. Although the output is not as good as Australia and other countries, the output value has always been in the forefront of the world.
Since the discovery of diamond-containing magnesium porphyry in western Australia in 1979, Australia's diamond production has dominated in 1986, but the gem grade only accounts for 5% of its production. Australian diamonds are mainly distributed in bingara and copeton in New South Wales, Western Australia, especially the argle deposit with a reserve of 550 million carats.
Botswana is rich in high-quality diamonds, with a gem grade of 50% and its output value ranks first in the world. Botswana's diamonds come from open-pit mining kimberlites. The huge mines are orapa rock (1967), letihakena rock (1977) and jwaneng diamond (1982). The total production of the three mines exceeded 15 million in 1989. carat.
Russian diamonds are mainly distributed in the Yakutia region of central Siberia, where more than a hundred diamond-bearing kimberlite cylinders were found. In 1988, Russia found new diamond mines near Europe. At present, Russia's diamond production is around 12 million carats, half of which is gem-quality. Over the years, Russia has formed an independent diamond mining processing and sales system. It has a large number of diamonds, excellent quality and uniformity, and is highly competitive in the market.
A few years ago, a large number of kimberlites were found in northern Canada, and diamond production can account for 10% of world production in a few years.
3. The world's first diamond mine
On July 16, 1871, the Cullisburg Collaborative Excavation Team, which insisted on excavating deep, was successful. They dig deep into the tens of square meters of land, and finally found their dreams on this day. Diamonds. The world's first diamond mine was born. The name "Currysburg Mine" is also called "New Hot Tide Mine".
4. South Africa's diamond mine
Mention that diamonds live in the country will think of South Africa. The diamonds produced in South Africa are famous for their large size and good quality. 50% of the diamonds produced from the mines can reach the gem level. Fifty years ago, South Africa’s diamond production ranked first in the world, so customers often ask, “Is this a South African diamond?†Over time, South Africa’s diamond production has been decreasing year by year. In 1987, South Africa’s diamond production of 10 million carats was about 10% of the world’s total production.
5, the largest single diamond origin
In 1905, at the Premiere Mine in South Africa, a giant diamond weighing 3,106 carats was found, named "Cullinan". In 1919, another 1500 carat diamond was found in the mine. According to its shape, color and repeated comparison studies. It should be the same crystal as Cullinan, so there is no name. If there is no split to become two, Cullinan weighs less than 4,606 carats. In 1980, the third large diamond was found in the mining area and weighed 599 carats. The South African Premier Mill is the world's recognized source of giant diamonds.
