The textile industry has encountered two problems: limited loans by banks and high cotton prices

Clothing, clothing, clothing, and clothing are the first and therefore the textile industry is a traditional pillar industry and an important civilian production industry. In 2012, the industrial output value of 37,000 large-scale textile enterprises across the country amounted to 58.110 billion yuan, an increase of 12.3% year-on-year. However, the export volume of textiles and clothing of the whole society grew by only 3.3% year-on-year, a record low in recent years.

Two major factors once again plagued the development of textile companies, especially small and medium-sized textile companies: First, the domestic cotton price and international cotton price gap caused by the domestic cotton purchasing and storage policy is too large, leading to a decline in the export competitiveness of enterprises; Second, the banking system financing of the textile industry The tightening of policies has caused difficulties for enterprises in financing.

There was no major gap in recruitment. “The year of last year was not easy.” On January 31, at the press conference on the economic performance of the textile industry and the 2013 development trend in 2012, the opening of Wang Tiankai, president of the China National Textile and Apparel Industry Federation, was heavy.

In 2012, the economic growth rate of the textile industry slowed down and the international market was depressed. From January to November, the total imports of textiles and clothing from the United States and the European Union fell by 0.9% and 5%, respectively, and domestic export companies had insufficient orders.

According to the research report of the Fujian Province Textile and Apparel Export Base Chamber of Commerce, garment companies are still destocking, and there is a lack of significant upward momentum and impetus for the textile industry. Most apparel export companies report that they have few new orders in their hands.

In addition, the research report of China Textile Federation pointed out that the spread of cotton prices at home and abroad has continued to widen. Affected by domestic management policies, domestic cotton prices have been significantly higher than the international market at the end of 2012, which has seriously affected the competitiveness of the cotton spinning industry chain. From January to November, the export value of China's cotton yarns decreased by 8.9% year-on-year, while imports increased by 56.1%.

Affected by this, China’s textile industry accounted for a decline in international market share in 2012, and its share in the EU and Japanese import markets remained high at 73.2% and 40.1% from January to November, but declined compared to the same period last year. 1.8 and 1.1 percentage points.

The China Textile Association report pointed out that in 2012 the domestic cotton price was 5,000 yuan more than the international cotton price per ton. Fujian’s cotton industry’s competitiveness in the international market was weakened, and the two major industries in the textile industry—cotton spinning and chemical fiber—were facing huge difficulties. The efficiency has declined significantly.

However, compared with previous years, the textile industry in labor-intensive industries did not have a large gap in employment.

Gao Yong, vice president of the China Textile Industry Federation, told the China Economic Weekly that "Some SMEs were shut down last year, and the diverted labor force has flown to large enterprises. The situation of large companies in this year's shortage of employment has eased slightly. In addition, with the textile industry, The industry's production capacity has shifted to the central and western regions, and in particular there is a large number of laborers in the middle to stay in their hometowns. Therefore, the current employment environment is not so stressful."

Worry about the inversion of cotton prices In general, cotton raw materials account for more than 70% of the cost of cotton textiles. International cotton prices have fallen sharply since last year, and domestic cotton prices have been supported by the national collection and storage price (19,800 yuan/ton to 21,400 yuan/ton). For example, the spot price per ton market is stable at about RMB 19,500, which is higher than the international cotton price by RMB 5,000.

The research report of the Fujian Province Textile and Apparel Export Base Chamber of Commerce calculated an account: According to the production of 1 ton of cotton yarn for 1.1 ton of cotton, the raw material cost for the ton of yarn is 21,500 yuan, and labor, electricity, depreciation, financial management costs, and machine material consumption are approximately 07,000. Yuan, tons of yarn cost not less than 28,000 yuan, the market price of about 26,000 yuan so far last year, which means cotton textile companies will lose 2,000 yuan per ton of cotton yarn.

A leading enterprise's cotton textile mill made a profit of 60 million yuan in 2011. In 2012, it lost more than 22 million yuan due to the cost of cotton. The other three cotton spinning factories affiliated to the listed companies in Jinjiang, Jiangxi, and Shandong all profited in 2011 and all lost in 2012. The Jiangxi Cotton Spinning Plant was located in the cotton production area, and it had favorable geographical conditions and preferential regional policies. In 2011, it earned more than 20 million yuan, and in 2012 it also lost more than 8 million yuan.

Gao Yong introduced that in the past ten years, the domestic and international cotton price difference has always remained at 1,500 yuan to 2,000 yuan per ton. Under such a price difference, the domestic textile industry still maintains a strong competitive edge.

But now the difference between domestic and international cotton prices reached 5,000 yuan per ton. "So our current opinion is that if the policy adjusts the domestic cotton price to around 2,000 yuan per ton higher than foreign countries, we can accept that the textile industry can still maintain its competitiveness."

Gao Yong told reporters from China Economic Weekly that the reason for the current domestic and international cotton price gap is that since 2010, the domestic cotton price was once as high as 33,000 yuan/ton, and the international cotton price was also staring at domestic cotton prices when domestic When the cotton price fell from 33,000 yuan, in order to support the price of cotton, the country introduced a purchase price of 19,800 yuan/ton, which stabilized the domestic cotton price.

However, international cotton prices have continued to decline, forming a huge price difference with China. In order to protect the cotton farmers, the government continued to increase the purchase price of cotton to RMB 20,400/ton in the second year.

Later, in response to this price gap, the Chinese government has increased its procurement efforts in the international market. However, it has still not raised the price of cotton in the international market. Instead, it has formed a huge inventory and domestic high cotton prices, bringing about the textile industry. Great pressure.

Wang Tiankai said that the current issue of cotton spreads actually reflects an incomplete market economy. The previous collection and storage of cotton are planned economic activities. The participation of enterprises behind the market competition is a market economy.

“In order to solve the difficulties caused by domestic and international cotton prices hanging upside down for enterprises, the government department’s policy that I know is to throw a reserve and want to throw 3 million tons at a price of 19,000 yuan/ton. This kind of throwing and storage price has actually been To subsidize, how much will be thrown in the future depends on the government's ability to bear." Gao Yong told reporters.

Financing has been choked out "In terms of financing, we have always been difficult." When talking to the "China Economic Weekly" reporter about textile companies financing situation, Gao Yong was a little excited.

In fact, in the first quarter of 2012, the financing of enterprises in the textile industry was already very difficult. SMEs in the textile industry account for 99% of the total, and they have the highest density in all industries in the country.

Sun Huaibin, spokesperson of the China National Textile and Apparel Council, said that interest rates in the textile industry have risen so much that interest rates increased by more than 34% in the first quarter of 2012, and that "the burden is heavy."

The reporter found that the annual report of a number of listed companies in the textile industry found that the interest payable was high, indicating that the cost was high.

The reason for Gao Yong's excitement is that banks always regard the textile industry as a "potentially risky industry." “In the beginning of this year and the end of last year, the state-owned banks listed the industries that needed to control ** and restrictions in 2013. They still put textiles in industries that restrict the market. We think this is very unfair.” Gao Yong said.

Gao Yong believes that some industries lose money in the entire industry, and some industries have large excess capacity in the industry. It is reasonable for banks to include these industries in the industry. However, despite the harsh external environment, the overall profitability of the textile industry is still at the forefront of the entire manufacturing industry.

“It is an abnormal phenomenon to still include the textile industry in the industry that restricts it.” Gao Yong told reporters from China Economic Weekly that at a meeting of the State Council, he had raised the problem of financing difficulties for the textile industry to the top level. However, the CBRC level has not been resolved.

He suggested that under the current financing difficulties, textile companies, especially SMEs, should reduce their reliance on financial institutions and increase their own capital turnover and repatriation efforts.